Everything in this thread is BS. This forum where you are posting is dedicated to putting computers in cars... real cars. So we are geeks, and as such have a very high sarcasm level. You seem to be missing out on this. Either english is not your first language or I feel very very sorry for the school system of where you live.
The rest I will answer you truthfully, and if you ask 1 more idiotic question without reason or research, I give up and go back to being sarcastic with the rest of them.
1) Not without a microscope. A solar panel looks like the picture. That means the layers are essentially a sandwich and the whole thing is usually a millimeter or maybe 2mm. You need a wire on 2 of those layers. A full cell has those already with big pads for you to solder to, so you can actually use it. If it is broken, and you dont have the pre-made pads, how will you get to the layers? You cant.
2) Anything that gives out 11W minimum. Now the ratings on solar cells will be higher than what you get. The ratings are for higher elevations on a clear bright sunny summer day. On a partially cloudy day at sea level, you wont get anything near what it says. So you will need much more than that 11W to make it self powered. If you keep the battery in, it will just draw out the battery life which seems like what you want.
3) Depends on what cell you buy. If you get a bunch of puny 7v ones, then in
parallel to add the maximum current output. If you buy high current 1v ones, then wire them in
series to get maximum voltage.
4) If they hit you it
willl destroy the solar panel. IT IS A SMALL PIECE OF GLASS. It is brittle. If you get smacked, or if you smack it, it will shatter. That simple. Maybe not shatter but break, and then best case scenario is the side with the solder pads remains intact meaning you still get some energy from the cell, but it goes down by a lot. (ratio of how much area got snapped off). If you get a solar cell, it becomes a gentle ride. Maybe encase it in silica but then you (a) lower the maximum energy it can produce, and (b) make everything much heavier, meaning you get lower battery time in the long run anyways.
5) Think on this one... I know you are 15, but I am only 20. I was finishing my 2nd year of highschool at your age. A solar cell uses photons to transfer its energy. If there is no light, then there are no photons. No photons means no energy transfer. Means no
power. It will run on batteries only. You can shine a halogen lamp over it, but it is not the same as the sun...
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