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Always parallel electrolytics with .1uf or .01uf ceramics on 78xx circuits to prevent oscillations.
The 7812 circuit looks safe enough but when the car is off there is no regulation
-only 2ish volts dropped across the regulator and some across the resistor.
Probably seeing 10-11 volts at your load.
An LDO regulator may be a better choice if you don't want a switching supply
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