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For "normal" devices (mice, usbstick,kbd, hdd,webcam) one usb port can output up to 500mA. Such a device requieres one unit of power at connection, that's 100mA,then it can negociate to ask for 500mA, 4more units. Special devices, and if the host(usb controller) allows, can negociate for more than 500mA (5 units). These devices are for exemple battery "smart" charger: if everything works fine, the usb port can output 1.8A.
But even if the device needs 600mA, and if the host can output 600mA, inserting a hub is always a problem. The hub needs power.... for itself. That's 1 power unit. Only 4 power units remains available for peripherals. Xternally powered hubs are differents in that they allow 5 power units per subline. But that doesn't mean they can deal with "special device's needs" It depends on how the hub was designed and how it deals with power request. Some simply don't stick to that part of the standard, the don't allow beyond 500mA requests, some can't even if they are transparent in the daisy chain (they transmit requests to the host) because of their PSU.
And as you probably discovered by wourself, alone they are just stupid. Without a Host (a pc /mac...) they have no way to understand request by themselves. Imagine a battery charger that asks for 1A, when connected an "ideay-perfect-standard-stickyl" hub will transfert that request to the comp, then if request is granted, allow 10 units to the device, either from the host if the host can, or from hub's PSU, if the PSU can..
Alone your hub can't probably output more than 500mA per line in "dumb mode" (not 'smart charger mode') and without a host it can fulfill 'highpower' request.
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Now Galileo is real. Muhahahahaha :p
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