There is a ham radio technology that does this. My friend alternates using it between his car and his boat. It uses a ham technology called APRS and a device known as a Tiny Trak II that converts GPS NMEA output to the packet radio protocol required to transmit the information.
The position information is transmitted via a ham radio (he says this is about $100) and you can then locate the device on findu.com. Here is his current position:
find u.com
You may find that he's had the device turned off and thus there are no positions, or you may see that it's in the middle of the Chesapeake Bay -that means it's on his boat. I've seen it where he's got a map and a satellite photo of the current position on this page. The most recent time I checked, it was a photo of his house and driveway, where the car was parked.
From
http://nwaprs.org/aprsinfo.htm:
"An APRS system typcially consists of a computer (PC or Macintosh color system), a TNC (take your pick), and a radio (HT, mobile, desktop) operating on VHF or HF, or both. A mobile APRS system is complemented with a GPS (one with data output). Routine updates in position are transmitted over the air, and show up as moving symbols on a map. This is similar to commercial systems found in rental or high priced cars, yet different because the information is transmitted over the air and displayed on computers running APRS. Fixed APRS stations with internet connectivity can also log onto one of several regional or worldwide APRS databases to see APRS in action around the globe."