Long answer:
A keyboard is made up of a matrix or rows and columns, and then is translated to either PS/2 or USB with an encoder chip. In a notebook, this chip is integrated on the motherboard, most likely in a chip that does more than just that. Each keyboard has a fairly unique matrix layout (i.e. column A shorted to row B can be "B" on one keyboard and "1" on another, even within the same brand/model), so you either need a programable keyboard matrix encoder (Hagstrom Electronics make some) or find an at least partially compatable keyboard (i.e. with the same, or at least close to, the same number of rows and columns) and use software to change the keys to be the same layout.
:/ I left alot of stuff out as keyboards are fairly complex.
Programable keyboard encoders:
http://www.hagstromelectronics.com/
Project that used a keyboard encoder from a different keyboard:
http://www.mini-itx.com/projects/bbcitxb/
Info on keyboard matrices buried in here:
http://www.arcadecontrols.com