That's a nice, simple solution. At least the Mac part.
Powering the Apple TV (aTV) will require an inverter, which isn't a big deal. But providing power when the car is off may be needed. I think the aTV expects to be powered up all of the time. If you bypass the internal power supply, you'll have roughly the same power options as the Mac Mini. No cookbook for bypassing it exists yet, though.
The aRemote may prove a bit limiting or tedious, but that's a matter of your preferences.
I don't think there are headunits that accept video except for composite, so you may need a separate monitor. Many LCD displays use DVI inputs, but they're not small enough for the dashboard. You can use a
component-to-RGB converter to connect a smaller monitor.
So then it's just a matter of the audio. If you want killer quality or surround sound, you could use an optical connect, but in a car it is likely that a simple stereo patch cable would sound as good for stereo. All you need is a head unit that supports Aux audio input.